apps/backend/src/db/migrations/002_clock.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Time each player started with; NULL for games saved before the game clock. Each move's clock is in `moves`.
+export const sql = `
+ALTER TABLE games ADD COLUMN clock_initial_ms integer;
+`;

apps/backend/src/db/migrations/index.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { sql as games001 } from "./001_games";
+import { sql as clock002 } from "./002_clock";
 
 export interface Migration {
     version: string;
@@ -8,4 +9,5 @@ export interface Migration {
 // Applied in this order; never change a migration that has been released, add a new one instead.
 export const migrations: Migration[] = [
     { version: "001_games", sql: games001 },
+    { version: "002_clock", sql: clock002 },
 ];

apps/backend/src/game/GameSerialization.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-import { EndReason, GameRecord, GameResult, MoveRecord } from "@mancala/core";
+import { EndReason, GameClock, GameRecord, GameResult, MoveRecord } from "@mancala/core";
 import { CommonMancalaGame, GameState, GameStep } from "mancala.js";
 import { BackendGame, PlayerInfo } from "../models/Game";
 import { publicUserId } from "./publicIds";
-import { startClock } from "./GameClock";
+import { resumeClock, startClock } from "./GameClock";
 
 type HistoryEntry = { playerId: string, moveIndex: number, boardSnapshot: number[], gameSteps: GameStep[] };
 
-// What is kept in Valkey for a live game; enough to rebuild it after a restart.
+// What is kept in Valkey for a live game; enough to rebuild it after a restart. Version 1 has no clock.
 export interface LiveGameSnapshot {
-    version: 1;
+    version: 1 | 2;
     id: string;
     player1Id: string;
     player2Id: string;
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ export interface LiveGameSnapshot {
     moveTimes: number[];
     peakSpectators: number;
     allSpectatorIds: string[];
+    clock?: GameClock;
+    moveRemainingMs?: (number | null)[];
 }
 
 export interface GameEnding {
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ export interface GameEnding {
 export function toSnapshot(game: BackendGame): LiveGameSnapshot {
     const { mancalaGame } = game;
     return {
-        version: 1,
+        version: 2,
         id: game.id,
         player1Id: mancalaGame.player1Id,
         player2Id: mancalaGame.player2Id,
@@ -46,17 +48,24 @@ export function toSnapshot(game: BackendGame): LiveGameSnapshot {
         moveTimes: game.moveTimes,
         peakSpectators: game.peakSpectators,
         allSpectatorIds: game.allSpectatorIds,
+        clock: game.clock,
+        moveRemainingMs: game.moveRemainingMs,
     };
 }
 
 export function isLiveGameSnapshot(value: unknown): value is LiveGameSnapshot {
     const snapshot = value as LiveGameSnapshot;
-    return typeof snapshot === "object" && snapshot !== null && snapshot.version === 1
-        && typeof snapshot.id === "string" && Array.isArray(snapshot.board) && snapshot.board.length === 14
+    if (typeof snapshot !== "object" || snapshot === null) return false;
+    const valid = typeof snapshot.id === "string" && Array.isArray(snapshot.board) && snapshot.board.length === 14
         && Array.isArray(snapshot.history) && typeof snapshot.players === "object";
+    if (snapshot.version === 1) return valid;
+    return snapshot.version === 2 && valid && typeof snapshot.clock?.initialMs === "number"
+        && Array.isArray(snapshot.moveRemainingMs);
 }
 
-// Rebuilds a live game with real engine objects (rules, pits), so it can be played on.
+// Rebuilds a live game with real engine objects (rules, pits), so it can be played on. The running clock goes on
+// from the start of the turn, so the time the backend was down is not charged; games from before the game clock
+// get a new clock.
 export function fromSnapshot(snapshot: LiveGameSnapshot, params: { now: number, gameClockMs: number }): BackendGame {
     const mancalaGame = new CommonMancalaGame(snapshot.id, snapshot.player1Id, snapshot.player2Id);
     snapshot.board.forEach((stoneCount, index) => (mancalaGame.board.pits[index].stoneCount = stoneCount));
@@ -77,8 +86,8 @@ export function fromSnapshot(snapshot: LiveGameSnapshot, params: { now: number,
         players: snapshot.players,
         startedAt: snapshot.startedAt,
         moveTimes: snapshot.moveTimes,
-        clock: startClock(params.gameClockMs, params.now),
-        moveRemainingMs: [],
+        clock: snapshot.clock ? resumeClock(snapshot.clock, params.now) : startClock(params.gameClockMs, params.now),
+        moveRemainingMs: snapshot.moveRemainingMs ?? snapshot.history.map(() => null),
     };
 }
 
@@ -98,13 +107,18 @@ export function toGameRecord(game: BackendGame, ending: GameEnding, endedAt: num
         const summary = { userId: publicUserId(id), isGuest: player?.isGuest ?? true };
         return player?.name === undefined ? summary : { ...summary, name: player.name };
     };
-    const moves: MoveRecord[] = history.map((entry, i) => ({
-        playerId: publicUserId(entry.playerId),
-        moveIndex: entry.moveIndex,
-        boardSnapshot: entry.boardSnapshot,
-        gameSteps: entry.gameSteps,
-        at: game.moveTimes[i] ?? endedAt,
-    }));
+    const moves: MoveRecord[] = history.map((entry, i) => {
+        const move: MoveRecord = {
+            playerId: publicUserId(entry.playerId),
+            moveIndex: entry.moveIndex,
+            boardSnapshot: entry.boardSnapshot,
+            gameSteps: entry.gameSteps,
+            at: game.moveTimes[i] ?? endedAt,
+        };
+        const remainingMs = game.moveRemainingMs[i];
+        if (typeof remainingMs === "number") move.remainingMs = remainingMs;
+        return move;
+    });
     const record: GameRecord = {
         id: game.id,
         player1: playerSummary(mancalaGame.player1Id),
@@ -118,6 +132,7 @@ export function toGameRecord(game: BackendGame, ending: GameEnding, endedAt: num
         peakSpectators: game.peakSpectators,
         totalSpectators: game.allSpectatorIds.length,
         moves,
+        clockInitialMs: game.clock.initialMs,
     };
     if (ending.leftUserId !== undefined) record.leftUserId = publicUserId(ending.leftUserId);
     return record;

apps/backend/src/history/GameHistoryRepository.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export interface GameHistoryRepository {
 const UUID_PATTERN = /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i;
 
 const SUMMARY_COLUMNS = `g.id, g.result, g.end_reason, g.left_user_id, g.started_at, g.ended_at, g.move_count,
-    g.final_board, g.peak_spectators,
+    g.final_board, g.peak_spectators, g.clock_initial_ms,
     p1.user_id AS p1_user_id, p1.name AS p1_name, p1.is_guest AS p1_is_guest,
     p2.user_id AS p2_user_id, p2.name AS p2_name, p2.is_guest AS p2_is_guest`;
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ const FROM_GAMES = `FROM games g
 type SummaryRow = {
     id: string; result: FinishedGameSummary["result"]; end_reason: FinishedGameSummary["endReason"];
     left_user_id: string | null; started_at: Date; ended_at: Date; move_count: number; final_board: number[];
-    peak_spectators: number;
+    peak_spectators: number; clock_initial_ms: number | null;
     p1_user_id: string; p1_name: string | null; p1_is_guest: boolean;
     p2_user_id: string; p2_name: string | null; p2_is_guest: boolean;
 };
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ function toSummary(row: SummaryRow): FinishedGameSummary {
         peakSpectators: row.peak_spectators,
     };
     if (row.left_user_id !== null) summary.leftUserId = row.left_user_id;
+    if (row.clock_initial_ms !== null) summary.clockInitialMs = row.clock_initial_ms;
     return summary;
 }
 
@@ -58,14 +59,14 @@ export class PostgresGameHistoryRepository implements GameHistoryRepository {
         await this.inTransaction(async (client) => {
             const inserted = await client.query(
                 `INSERT INTO games (id, player1_id, player2_id, result, end_reason, left_user_id, started_at, ended_at,
-                    move_count, final_board, moves, peak_spectators, total_spectators)
+                    move_count, final_board, moves, peak_spectators, total_spectators, clock_initial_ms)
                  VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, to_timestamp($7 / 1000.0), to_timestamp($8 / 1000.0),
-                    $9, $10, $11, $12, $13)
+                    $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14)
                  ON CONFLICT (id) DO NOTHING`,
                 [record.id, record.player1.userId, record.player2.userId, record.result, record.endReason,
                 record.leftUserId ?? null, record.startedAt, record.endedAt, record.moveCount,
                 JSON.stringify(record.board), JSON.stringify(record.moves), record.peakSpectators,
-                record.totalSpectators]);
+                record.totalSpectators, record.clockInitialMs ?? null]);
             if (inserted.rowCount === 0) return;
             for (const [seat, player] of [[1, record.player1], [2, record.player2]] as const) {
                 await client.query(

apps/backend/src/models/Game.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ export interface BackendGame extends Game {
     // Time of each move, aligned with mancalaGame.history.
     moveTimes: number[];
     clock: GameClock;
-    // The mover's clock after each move, aligned with mancalaGame.history.
-    moveRemainingMs: number[];
+    // The mover's clock after each move, aligned with mancalaGame.history; null for moves made before the game clock.
+    moveRemainingMs: (number | null)[];
 }

apps/backend/tests/game/GameManager.test.ts

@@ -317,6 +317,20 @@ describe("GameManager", () => {
     });
 
     describe("saving", () => {
+        it("saves the initial time and each move's time left", async () => {
+            const game = startGame();
+            now += 4_000;
+            playAnyMove(game);
+            now += 6_000;
+            playAnyMove(game);
+            rtmt.receive(ALICE.id, channel_leave_game);
+            await flushPromises();
+
+            const record = repository.records.get(game.id)!;
+            expect(record.clockInitialMs).toBe(CLOCK_MS);
+            expect(record.moves.map((move) => move.remainingMs)).toEqual([CLOCK_MS - 4_000, CLOCK_MS - 6_000]);
+        });
+
         it("replaces legacy ids with public ids in saved games", async () => {
             rtmt.connect({ id: LEGACY.id, isGuest: true });
             const game = startGame(ALICE, { ...LEGACY, name: undefined } as any);
@@ -383,6 +397,54 @@ describe("GameManager", () => {
             expect(restored.mancalaGame.history).toHaveLength(3);
         });
 
+        it("restores the clock without charging the time the backend was down", async () => {
+            const game = startGame();
+            const first = game.mancalaGame.turnPlayerId;
+            const firstSeat = game.mancalaGame.player1Id === first ? "player1Ms" : "player2Ms";
+            const secondSeat = firstSeat === "player1Ms" ? "player2Ms" : "player1Ms";
+            now += 10_000;
+            playAnyMove(game);
+            await flushPromises();
+            now += 5_000; // the second player thinks, then the backend goes down for a minute
+            now += 60_000;
+
+            createManager();
+            await gameManager.restoreLiveGames();
+            const restored = gameStore.getGameByUser(ALICE.id)!;
+            expect(restored.clock).toEqual({
+                initialMs: CLOCK_MS, [firstSeat]: CLOCK_MS - 10_000, [secondSeat]: CLOCK_MS, turnStartedAt: now,
+            });
+            expect(restored.moveRemainingMs).toEqual([CLOCK_MS - 10_000]);
+
+            now += 1_000;
+            playAnyMove(restored);
+            expect(restored.clock[secondSeat]).toBe(CLOCK_MS - 1_000);
+        });
+
+        it("gives games from before the game clock a new clock", async () => {
+            const game = startGame();
+            playAnyMove(game);
+            playAnyMove(game);
+            await flushPromises();
+            const { clock, moveRemainingMs, ...rest } = liveGameStore.games.get(game.id) as any;
+            liveGameStore.games.set(game.id, { ...rest, version: 1 });
+
+            now += 60_000;
+            createManager();
+            expect(await gameManager.restoreLiveGames()).toBe(1);
+            const restored = gameStore.getGameByUser(ALICE.id)!;
+            expect(restored.clock).toEqual({ initialMs: CLOCK_MS, player1Ms: CLOCK_MS, player2Ms: CLOCK_MS, turnStartedAt: now });
+            expect(restored.moveRemainingMs).toEqual([null, null]);
+
+            now += 2_000;
+            playAnyMove(restored);
+            rtmt.receive(ALICE.id, channel_leave_game);
+            await flushPromises();
+            const record = repository.records.get(game.id)!;
+            expect(record.clockInitialMs).toBe(CLOCK_MS);
+            expect(record.moves.map((move) => move.remainingMs)).toEqual([undefined, undefined, CLOCK_MS - 2_000]);
+        });
+
         it("does not bring back a game that has already been saved", async () => {
             const game = startGame();
             await flushPromises();

apps/backend/tests/history/PostgresGameHistoryRepository.test.ts

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ describe("PostgresGameHistoryRepository", () => {
     it("runs migrations only once", async () => {
         await runMigrations(pool);
         const { rows } = await pool.query("SELECT version FROM schema_migrations");
-        expect(rows).toEqual([{ version: "001_games" }]);
+        expect(rows).toEqual([{ version: "001_games" }, { version: "002_clock" }]);
     });
 
     it("saves a game and reads it back unchanged", async () => {
@@ -69,6 +69,22 @@ describe("PostgresGameHistoryRepository", () => {
         expect(await repository.get(game.id)).toEqual(game);
     });
 
+    it("keeps the clock: the initial time and each move's time left", async () => {
+        const game = record({ clockInitialMs: 300_000 });
+        game.moves[0].remainingMs = 291_500;
+        await repository.save(game);
+        expect(await repository.get(game.id)).toEqual(game);
+        expect((await repository.getRecentForUser(ALICE.userId, 1))[0].clockInitialMs).toBe(300_000);
+    });
+
+    it("reads games saved before the game clock without clock data", async () => {
+        const game = record();
+        await repository.save(game);
+        const saved = await repository.get(game.id);
+        expect(saved).not.toHaveProperty("clockInitialMs");
+        expect(saved?.moves[0]).not.toHaveProperty("remainingMs");
+    });
+
     it("keeps leftUserId for games a player left", async () => {
         const game = record({ result: "player2", endReason: "left", leftUserId: ALICE.userId });
         await repository.save(game);

docs/specs/game-clock/tasks.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Work through the tasks in order; each ends with its tests passing and a commit.
       `serverTime` in client messages; unit tests.
 - [x] 3. **Scheduled service**: `endGamesOutOfTime`, `GameClockScheduler` wired in `index.ts`; remove
       `checkTimeouts`, the 10-second timer and the backend's `offlineSince`; unit tests.
-- [ ] 4. **Restore and saving**: snapshot version 2 and restore of versions 1 and 2, `remainingMs` and
+- [x] 4. **Restore and saving**: snapshot version 2 and restore of versions 1 and 2, `remainingMs` and
       `clockInitialMs` in game records, migration `002_clock` and the repository; unit and integration tests.
 - [ ] 5. **Web app, live game**: `useGameClock`, `GameClockView`, clocks in `GamePage` on desktop and mobile
       layouts; remove the offline countdown, and with it `TURN_TIMEOUT_MS`, `INACTIVE_TIMEOUT_MS`,